Dragons db | TRAITS

Traits of adult dragons

Morphological traits

Abdomen length

trait	description	modalities
Abdomen length - Max	Maximal adult body length	Maximal adult body length in milimeters
Abdomen length - Max (F)	Maximal female adult body length	Maximal female adult body length in milimeters.
Abdomen length - Max (M)	Maximal male adult body length	Maximal male adult body length in milimeters.
Abdomen length - Min	Minimal adult body length	Minimal adult body length in milimeters
Abdomen length - Min (F)	Minimal female adult body length	Minimal female adult body length in milimeters.
Abdomen length - Min (M)	Minimal male adult body length	Minimal male adult body length in milimeters.

Body size

trait	description	modalities
Body size - Max	Maximal adult body size	Maximal adult body size in milimeters
Body size - Min	Minimal adult body size	Minimal adult body size in milimeters

Coloration

trait	description	modalities
Coloration (F)	Coloration of female body
Coloration (M)	Coloration of male body	5 categories: 1) metallic green/blue, 2) azure blue, 3)red, 4) dark, 5) yellow/dark
Coloration of wings (F)	Coloration of female wings
Coloration of wings (M)	Coloration of male wings
Similar species	Number of similar species

Weight

trait	description	modalities
Weight (F) - Max	Maximal female weight	Maximal female weight in miligrams.
Weight (F) - Mean	Mean female weight	Mean female weight in miligrams.
Weight (F) - Min	Minimal female weight	Minimal female weight in miligrams.
Weight (M) - Max	Maximal male weight	Maximal male weight in miligrams.
Weight (M) - Mean	Mean male weight	Mean male weight in miligrams.
Weight (M) - Min	Minimal male weight	Minimal male weight in miligrams.

Wingspan

trait	description	modalities
Wingspan - Max	Maximal wingspan	Maximal wingspan in milimeters
Wingspan - Min	Minimal wingspan	Minimal wingspan in milimeters

Threat

JNCC

trait	description	modalities
JNCC Red List status	Species classified using the national Red List criteria	DD=Data Deficiency, LC=Least Concern, NT=Nearly Threatened, VU=Vulnerable, EN=Endangered, CR=Critically Endangered,

Shading

trait	description	modalities
Red List (Czech republic)	Species classified using the Red List criteria of Czech republic	DD=Data Deficiency, LC=Least Concern, NT=Nearly Threatened, VU=Vulnerable, EN=Endangered, CR=Critically Endangered,
Red List (Germany)	Species classified using the Red List criteria of Germany	DD=Data Deficiency, LC=Least Concern, NT=Nearly Threatened, VU=Vulnerable, EN=Endangered, CR=Critically Endangered,
Red List Austria	Species classified using the Red List criteria of Austria	DD=Data Deficiency, LC=Least Concern, NT=Nearly Threatened, VU=Vulnerable, EN=Endangered, CR=Critically Endangered,
Red List Poland	Species classified using the Red List criteria of Poland	DD=Data Deficiency, LC=Least Concern, NT=Nearly Threatened, VU=Vulnerable, EN=Endangered, CR=Critically Endangered,

Traits of habitat

Chemical traits of habitat

trait	description	modalities
NH4	Content NH4 in water	mg/l
O2_min (mg/l)	Minimum oxygen content in water	mg/l
pH_max	Maximal value of pH	pH
pH_mean	Mean value of pH	pH
pH_min	Minimal value of pH	pH

Habitat type

trait	description	modalities
H1 Permanent Rivers, Streams, Creeks [includes waterfalls]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H10 Tundra Wetlands [includes pools and temporary waters from snowmelt]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H11 Alpine Wetlands [includes temporary waters from snowmelt]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H12 Water Storage Areas [over 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H13 Ponds [below 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H14 Aquaculture Ponds	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H15 Salt Exploitation Sites	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H16 Excavations (open)	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H17 Wastewater Treatment Areas	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H18 Irrigated Land [includes irrigation channels]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H19 Seasonally Flooded Agricultural Land	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H2 Seasonal/Intermittent/Irregular Rivers, Streams, Creeks	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H20 Canals and Drainage Channels, Ditches	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H3 Shrub Dominated Wetlands	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H4 Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands [generally over 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H5 Permanent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H6 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Lakes [over 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H7 Permanent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H8 Seasonal/Intermittent Freshwater Marshes/Pools [under 8 ha]	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
H9 Freshwater Springs and Oases	This trait shows whether dragonfly live in this type of habitat	2 categories: 1 = present, 0 = absent
Habitat breadth	Number of habitat types utilised by the species	A count of the number of habitat types utilised by the species

Pernamency

trait	description	modalities
Pernamency	Habitat stability	2 categories: temporal, permanent

Shading

trait	description	modalities
Shading	Shanding of water area	5 categories: <30%, <50%, 50 - 90%, open, full

Substrate

trait	description	modalities
Substrate	Preferred bottom substrate	6 categories: muddy, turf, sandy-loamy, sandy, gravel, all

Trophy

trait	description	modalities
Trophy	Water trophy	3 categories: meso-eu, dystroph-meso, oligo-eu

Traits of life history

Activity

trait	description	modalities
Perchers & fliers	Activity - sits and waits, or actively patrolling	2 categories: perchers = sits and waits, fliers = actively flying

Area

trait	description	modalities
Estimated area of occupancy (AOO)	Estimated area of occupancy (AOO)	km?
Upper limit	Maximal altitude of the species	m

Breeding habitat

trait	description	modalities
Breeding habitat	What type of habitat dragonflies live	2 categories: Lentic = backwater, Lotic = running water

Courtship

trait	description	modalities
Courtship	Presence or absence of tandem	2 categories: yes = 1, no = 0

Distribution status

trait	description	modalities
Distribution status	Categorical variable that groups species based on distribution size	7 categories: very widespread, widespread, local, scarce, rare, very rare, endemic

Emergency

trait	description	modalities
EM50 (max)	Maximal time of hatching 50% of the population	days
EM50 (min)	Minimal time of hatching 50% of the population	days

Fauna type

trait	description	modalities
Fauna type	Postglacial extension of the species	6 categories: eurosiberian, atlanto-mediterranean, ponto-mediterranean, holomediterranean, west-siberian, ponto-caspian

Fecundity

trait	description	modalities
Fecundity (max)	Maximal number of eggs	Maximal number of eggs
Fecundity (min)	Minimal number of eggs	Minimal number of eggs

Flight height

trait	description	modalities
Flight height (max)	Maximal flight height	cm
Flight height (min)	Minimal flight height	cm

Flight period

trait	description	modalities
Flight period - End	The end of the flight period in months	The end of the flight period in months
Flight period - Start	The start of the flight period in months	The start of the flight period in months
Flight period duration	The flight period duration in months	The flight period duration in months
Main season (end)	Week in the year, when the main occurence of species ends
Main season (start)	Week in the year, when the main occurence of species starts

Longevity

trait	description	modalities
longevity_female (max)	Maximal longevity of adult female	days
longevity_female (min)	Minimal longevity of adult female	days
longevity_male (max)	Maximal longevity of adult male	days
longevity_male (min)	Minimal longevity of adult male	days
longevity_max	Maximal longevity for both sexes	days

Movement and dispersial

trait	description	modalities
Dispersal ability	Relative dispersal ability based on the awareness of experts	4 categories: 0 = very sedentary, 3 = high dispersal ability
Migratory	Binary variable, do adults routinely migrate	2 categories: no = species doesn?t migrate, yes = species migrates

Overwintering

trait	description	modalities
Overwintering stage	Overwintering stage	3 levels: Larvae (L), Eggs (E), Eggs & Larvae (EL)

Oviposition

trait	description	modalities
Oviposition substrate	Type of substrate to which dragonflies lay eggs	3 categories: on substrate, endophytic = dragonfly lays eggs in vegetation or substrate; exophytic = dragonfly lays eggs in open water or on the surface of the substrate

Pairing

trait	description	modalities
Pairing (max)	Maximal time in tandem	min/sec
Pairing (min)	Minimal time in tandem	min/sec

Population trend

trait	description	modalities
Population trend	Population development over time	3 categories: increasing, decreasing, stable

Sexual maturity

trait	description	modalities
Sexual maturity (max)	Sexual maturity - maximal	days
Sexual maturity (min)	Sexual maturity - minimal	days

Teritoriality

trait	description	modalities
Teritoriality	Ability to defend territory	yes = 1, no = 0

Voltinismus

trait	description	modalities
Bivoltine	Species has two generations per one year.	2 categories: 0 = species hasn?t two generations per one year; 1 = species has two generations per one year
Multivoltine	Species has more than two generations per one year.	2 categories: 0 = species hasn?t more than two generations per one year; 1 = species has more than two generations per one year.
Partivoltine	Species has one generation in more than two years	2 categories: 0 = species hasn?t one generation in more than two years; 1 = species has one generation in more than two years
Semivoltine	Species has one generation in two years	2 categories: 0 = species hasn?t one generation in two years; 1 = species has one generation in two years
Univoltine	Species has one generation per one year.	2 categories: 0 = species hasn?t one generation per one year; 1 = species has one generation per one year

Traits of larvae

Life history

Daydegrees

trait	description	modalities
Daydegrees -max	Maximal measure of heating or cooling	dependance of speed of development on temperature
Daydegrees -min	Minimal measure of heating or cooling	dependance of speed of development on temperature

Defense

trait	description	modalities
Defense	Type of thorns larvae	1) pasive, 2) dorsal spines, 3) lateral spines

Development

trait	description	modalities
Embryonal development - mean	Mean Length of embryonal development	Mean Length of embryonal development in weeks
Embryonal development -max	Maximal Length of embryonal development	Maximal Length of embryonal development in weeks
Embryonal development -min	Minimal Length of embryonal development	Minimal Length of embryonal development in weeks
Larval development time	Length of larval development	Length of larval development in months
Number of instars	Number of instars	Number of instars

Larval strategy

trait	description	modalities
Larval strategy	Strategy of larval	1)claspers, 2) sprawler, 3) burrower, 4) deep burrower, 5) hider

Sex ratio

trait	description	modalities
Sex ratio	Sex ratio	A number of female and male

Morphological

Egg length

trait	description	modalities
Egg length -max	Maximal length of egg	Maximal length of egg in mm
Egg length -min	Minimal length of egg	Minimal length of egg in mm

Egg width

trait	description	modalities
Egg width-max	Maximal width of egg	Maximal width of egg in mm
Egg width-min	Minimal width of egg	Minimal width of egg in mm

Head width

Larval body length

trait	description	modalities
Larval body length - Max	Maximal larval body lenght in milimeters	Maximal larval body lenght in mm
Larval body length - Min	Minimal larval body lenght in milimeters	Minimal larval body lenght in mm

Larval weight

trait	description	modalities
Larval weight - max	Maximal larval body weight in mg	Maximal larval body weight in mg
Larval weight - mean	Mean larval body weight in mg	Mean larval body weight in mg
Larval weight - min	Minimal larval body weight in mg	Minimal larval body weight in mg

Spines

trait	description	modalities
Dorsal spines_num	Number of dorsal spines	Number of dorsal spines
Dorsal spines_presence	Presence of dorsal spines	1) none, 2) small, 3) medium, 4) robust
Lateral spines_num	Number of lateral spines	Number of lateral spines
Lateral spines_presence	Presence of lateral spines	1) none, 2) small, 3) medium, 4) robust

trait	description	modalities
Head width - max (10I)	Maximal Head width in tenth instar	Maximal Head width in tenth instar in mm
Head width - max (11I)	Maximal Head width in eleventh instar	Maximal Head width in eleventh instar in mm
Head width - max (12I)	Maximal Head width in twelfth instar	Maximal Head width in twelfth instar in mm
Head width - max (13I)	Maximal Head width in thirteenth instar	Maximal Head width in thirteenth instar in mm
Head width - max (14I)	Maximal Head width in fourteenth instar	Maximal Head width in fourteenth instar in mm
Head width - max (1I)	Maximal Head width in first instar	Maximal Head width in first instar in mm
Head width - max (2I)	Maximal Head width in second instar	Maximal Head width in second instar in mm
Head width - max (3I)	Maximal Head width in third instar	Maximal Head width in third instar in mm
Head width - max (4I)	Maximal Head width in fourth instar	Maximal Head width in fourth instar in mm
Head width - max (5I)	Maximal Head width in fifth instar	Maximal Head width in fifth instar in mm
Head width - max (6I)	Maximal Head width in sixth instar	Maximal Head width in sixth instar in mm
Head width - max (7I)	Maximal Head width in seventh instar	Maximal Head width in seventh instar in mm
Head width - max (8I)	Maximal Head width in eighth instar	Maximal Head width in eighth instar in mm
Head width - max (9I)	Maximal Head width in ninth instar	Maximal Head width in ninth instar in mm
Head width - min (10I)	Minimal Head width in tenth instar	Minimal Head width in tenth instar in mm
Head width - min (11I)	Minimal Head width in eleventh instar	Minimal Head width in eleventh instar in mm
Head width - min (12I)	Minimal Head width in twelfth instar	Minimal Head width in twelfth instar in mm
Head width - min (13I)	Minimal Head width in thirteenth instar	Minimal Head width in thirteenth instar in mm
Head width - min (14I)	Minimal Head width in fourteenth instar	Minimal Head width in fourteenth instar in mm
Head width - min (1I)	Minimal Head width in first instar	Minimal Head width in first instar in mm
Head width - min (2I)	Minimal Head width in second instar	Minimal Head width in second instar in mm
Head width - min (3I)	Minimal Head width in third instar	Minimal Head width in third instar in mm
Head width - min (4I)	Minimal Head width in fourth instar	Minimal Head width in fourth instar in mm
Head width - min (5I)	Minimal Head width in fifth instar	Minimal Head width in fifth instar in mm
Head width - min (6I)	Minimal Head width in sixth instar	Minimal Head width in sixth instar in mm
Head width - min (7I)	Minimal Head width in seventh instar	Minimal Head width in seventh instar in mm
Head width - min (8I)	Minimal Head width in eighth instar	Minimal Head width in eighth instar in mm
Head width - min (9I)	Minimal Head width in ninth instar	Minimal Head width in ninth instar in mm